Your map: a baby or nursery product built as declared
This is a conditional reading of published rules against the facts declared on the scan page. No physical product was evaluated, and nothing here is a legal or regulatory determination — every row names the declared fact that pulls it in and links the primary text it is read from.
This map reads baby gear and nursery products. The product subtype below decides most of it — declare it first. Run the free scan for any category.
The input: the facts this map reads
Carried over from the scan page when answered there; adjust any answer here and the map re-reads instantly. Answers stay in this browser.
No declared facts were found from a scan in this browser session. Declare them below — each answer stays in this browser — or run the free scan first.
1. Which published rules reach a product built this way
Each row names a rule, quotes the sentence that does the work, links the primary text, and says which of the eight facts pulled it in. Nothing was measured; this is what the published rules say for that combination of age, material and construction.
CPSC is not the only writer here. Customs marking, California, Maine, Oregon and Connecticut sit in the same sequence rather than an appendix, because a shipment meets them in the same sequence.
16 CFR 1130.2(a), routing into 16 CFR parts 1215 to 1243
Requirement The durable infant or toddler product regime — twenty categories, twenty-eight mandatory standards · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A durable infant or toddler product answers to its own mandatory standard — one of twenty-eight parts of 16 CFR, 1215 to 1243 — and every one of those parts carries a third-party testing entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b). Which part attaches is decided by the declared subtype, in the rows below.
“(a) Definition of durable infant or toddler product means the following products intended for use, or that may be reasonably expected to be used, by children under the age of 5 years. The listed product categories are further defined in the applicable standards that the Commission issues under section 104(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, and include products that are combinations of the following product categories:”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(2) 16 CFR part 1215, Safety Standard for Infant Bath Seats;”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(2), eCFR
Why here. This is a second system beside the general children's-product rules, not a variation on the toy standard. Twenty listed categories, twenty-eight standards: the mapping is not one-to-one. One category pulls in up to four separate parts — infant carriers — and one is split across parts by size — cribs. There is no part 1240. The definition's own words also include products that are combinations of the listed categories, so a convertible product can answer to more than one standard at once. The regime brings its own non-laboratory duties too — the registration-card row below.
16 CFR parts 1219, 1220, 1218, 1222, 1221, 1217 and 1224
Requirement Cribs, bassinets, bedside sleepers, play yards — the sleep-furniture standards · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A crib meets the “Safety Standard for Full-Size Baby Cribs” (part 1219) or the “Safety Standard for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs” (part 1220); a bassinet or cradle the “Safety Standard for Bassinets and Cradles” (part 1218); a bedside sleeper the “Safety Standard for Bedside Sleepers” (part 1222); a play yard the “Safety Standard for Play Yards” (part 1221). The “Safety Standard for Toddler Beds” (part 1217) and the “Safety Standard for Portable Bed Rails” (part 1224) sit beside them for the products they name.
“(1) Full-size cribs and non-full-size cribs.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(12) Bassinets and cradles, including bedside sleepers and infant sleep products.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(5) 16 CFR part 1219, Safety Standard for Full-Size Baby Cribs;”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(5), eCFR
Why here. One declared word — crib — is split across two parts by size, and a bassinet that attaches to an adult bed becomes a bedside sleeper with a part of its own. Each part carries its own third-party entry: 1219 at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(5), 1220 at (b)(6), 1221 at (b)(7), 1224 at (b)(9), 1217 at (b)(4), 1218 at (b)(33), 1222 at (b)(35). The mattress inside the crib is a separate standard with a row of its own below, and the fabric bumper against its sides is not a standard question at all — it is banned, further down.
16 CFR part 1241
Requirement Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses — updated February 2026 · CPSC · pulled in by the mattress, sold with the crib or after-market
Each crib mattress meets ASTM F2933-25 as incorporated at 16 CFR 1241.3 — the scope covers full-size and non-full-size crib mattresses and after-market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs — and part 1241 carries its own third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(50).
“This part establishes a consumer product safety standard for crib mattresses. The scope of this standard for crib mattresses includes all crib mattresses within the scope of ASTM F2933, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Crib Mattresses, including: Full-size crib mattresses, non-full-size crib mattresses, and after-market mattresses for play yards and non-full-size cribs.”
16 CFR 1241.1, eCFR
“(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each crib mattress must comply with all applicable provisions of ASTM F2933-25 (incorporated by reference, see § 1241.3).”
16 CFR 1241.2(a), eCFR
“(50) 16 CFR part 1241, Safety Standard for Crib Mattresses.”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(50), eCFR
Why here. The most recently amended part in this category: the eCFR amendment trail runs to 91 FR 6515, February 12, 2026, which moved the incorporated standard to ASTM F2933-25. A report written against an earlier edition is a question to put to the laboratory, not a fact to assume either way. The part also draws a boundary the sleep-product row depends on: a crib mattress meeting ASTM F2933 is written out of part 1236's specifications.
16 CFR part 1236
Requirement Safety Standard for Infant Sleep Products — the sweep-up standard for loungers and nappers marketed for sleep · CPSC · pulled in by sleep marketing, for an infant up to 5 months
A product marketed or intended to provide a sleeping accommodation for an infant up to 5 months of age, and not already a bassinet, crib, play yard or bedside sleeper, is an infant sleep product: its sleep-surface angle stays at 10 degrees or less, and — through the standard's inserted section 6.9.3 — it also meets part 1218 including the bassinet/cradle definition. Third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(46).
“This part establishes a consumer product safety standard for infant sleep products, including inclined and flat sleep surfaces, that applies to all products marketed or intended to provide a sleeping accommodation for an infant up to 5 months of age, and that are not already subject to any of the following standards:”
16 CFR 1236.1, eCFR
“6.9.1 Infant Sleep Product—The angle of the seat back/sleep surface intended for sleep along the occupant's head to toe axis relative to the horizontal shall not exceed 10 degrees when tested in accordance with 7.11.2.”
16 CFR 1236.2(b)(15)(ii), eCFR
“6.9.3 Infant Sleep Products—shall meet, 16 CFR part 1218, Safety Standard for Bassinets and Cradles, including conforming to the definition of a “bassinet/cradle.””
16 CFR 1236.2(b)(15)(iv), eCFR
“(46) 16 CFR part 1236, Safety Standard for Infant Sleep Products.”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(46), eCFR
Why here. The scope is marketing, not shape: the word napper on a listing can be enough to place a cushion here. The inserted section 6.9.3 is the trap's floor — a napper that cannot qualify as a bassinet or cradle has no way through the standard. What is not marketed for sleep routes to the cushion standards in a later row; what inclines more than 10 degrees for sleep is banned outright, further down. The part's origin is 86 FR 33071, June 23, 2021, per the eCFR source note.
16 CFR parts 1231, 1237 and 1233
Requirement High chairs, booster seats and hook-on chairs · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A high chair meets the “Safety Standard for High Chairs” (part 1231), a booster seat the “Safety Standard for Booster Seats” (part 1237), and a hook-on chair the “Safety Standard for Portable Hook-on Chairs” (part 1233).
“(3) High chairs, booster seats, and hook-on chairs.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. One 1130.2(a) item, three separate standards — which one attaches turns on how the seat holds the child, not on the product name on the box. Third-party entries: 1231 at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(44), 1237 at (b)(47), 1233 at (b)(40). A convertible seat spanning two of these answers to both — the definition's own words include combination products.
16 CFR part 1227
Requirement Safety Standard for Carriages and Strollers · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A stroller or carriage meets the “Safety Standard for Carriages and Strollers” — one part for both — with its third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(36).
“(9) Strollers.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. The edge case is the travel system: the registration rule's own scope excludes products that comprise a travel system and are sold with a child restraint covered by NHTSA's registration program at 49 CFR 571.213. The car seat half is another agency's subject; the stroller half stays on this page, standard and all — the not-reached list below draws that line.
16 CFR parts 1225, 1226, 1228 and 1230
Requirement Infant carriers — four standards behind one product word · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A hand-held carrier meets the “Safety Standard for Hand-Held Infant Carriers” (part 1225); a soft carrier the “Safety Standard for Soft Infant and Toddler Carriers” (part 1226); a sling the “Safety Standard for Sling Carriers” (part 1228); a frame carrier the “Safety Standard for Frame Child Carriers” (part 1230).
“(8) Infant carrier, including soft infant and toddler carriers, hand-held infant carriers, sling carriers, and frame child carriers.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. The single word carrier fans out into four separate mandatory standards — the 1130.2(a) list names all four forms inside one item. Third-party entries: 1225 at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(34), 1226 at (b)(37), 1228 at (b)(39), 1230 at (b)(38). A wrap sold to work both as a sling and as a structured carrier can answer to more than one; a car seat that doubles as a hand-held carrier meets the NHTSA boundary drawn in the not-reached list below.
16 CFR parts 1223 and 1229
Requirement Swings and bouncer seats · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A swing meets the “Safety Standard for Infant and Cradle Swings” (part 1223), and a bouncer the “Safety Standard for Infant Bouncer Seats” (part 1229). Third-party entries at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(8) and (b)(42).
“(11) Swings.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(15) Infant bouncers.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. Two 1130.2(a) items, two parts — and a marketing trap beside them. A rocker or bouncer that reclines and is sold with sleep words on the listing can be read into the infant-sleep-product standard, and one with a sleep surface inclined more than 10 degrees, marketed for sleep up to 1 year, sits inside the statutory ban below. The declared marketing decides which rows carry the weight.
16 CFR part 1239
Requirement Safety Standard for Gates and Enclosures · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A gate or enclosure for confining a child meets the “Safety Standard for Gates and Enclosures” (part 1239), with its third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(49).
“(5) Gates and other enclosures for confining a child.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. The category is purpose-defined — enclosures for confining a child — so how a panel product is marketed decides whether it sits here. A play yard is a different 1130.2(a) item with a different part (1221), and a combination product spanning both answers to both, on the definition's own combination wording.
16 CFR parts 1235, 1215 and 1234
Requirement Changing products, bath seats and bath tubs · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A changing table or pad meets the “Safety Standard for Baby Changing Products” (part 1235); a bath seat the “Safety Standard for Infant Bath Seats” (part 1215); a bath tub the “Safety Standard for Infant Bath Tubs” (part 1234). Third-party entries at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(45), (b)(2) and (b)(41).
“(4) Bath seats.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(14) Baby changing products.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(16) Infant bathtubs.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. Bath seat and bath tub are separate categories with separate parts, not one wet-room standard. The changing side carries a compliance-date detail from the registration rule worth knowing on older stock: 16 CFR 1130.1(c) states that compliance with part 1130 was required on September 24, 2020 for contoured changing pads, a type of baby changing product — a decade after the first wave of categories.
16 CFR parts 1216, 1238, 1232 and 1243
Requirement Walkers, activity centers, folding chairs, support cushions — the categories without a chip of their own · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A walker meets the “Safety Standard for Infant Walkers” (part 1216); a stationary activity center the “Safety Standard for Stationary Activity Centers” (part 1238); a folding chair or stool the “Safety Standard for Children's Folding Chairs and Children's Folding Stools” (part 1232); an infant support cushion the “Safety Standard for Infant Support Cushions” (part 1243). Third-party entries at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(3), (b)(48), (b)(43) and (b)(57).
“(10) Walkers.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(7) Stationary activity centers.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(13) Children's folding chairs and children's folding stools.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
“(20) Infant support cushions.”
16 CFR 1130.2(a), eCFR
Why here. The subtype choices above do not name every one of the twenty categories, so anything declared as other starts with the 1130.2(a) list itself: inside the list, the durable regime applies whole — standard, third-party entry, registration card — and outside it, none of the durable rows do. Two adjacent parts are easy to misfile: adult portable bed rails (part 1270) and clothing storage units (part 1261) are separate regimes, not durable infant products.
16 CFR 1130.3 to 1130.8
Requirement Registration cards, permanent marks and six-year records — the durable regime's non-laboratory duties · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
Each durable infant or toddler product ships with a postage-paid registration form attached to its surface, carries a permanent mark with the maker's name and contact information, model name and number, and date of manufacture, offers registration through the Internet, and the maker keeps registrant records for at least six years — producible within 24 hours on CPSC request.
“(b) Manufacturer, for purposes of this part, in the case of a product produced within the United States, means the domestic manufacturer of the product, and in the case of an imported product, means the importer of the product.”
16 CFR 1130.2(b), eCFR
“(1) Provide consumers with a postage-paid consumer registration form that meets the requirements of this part 1130 with each such product;”
16 CFR 1130.3(a)(1), eCFR
“(c) Be attached to the surface of each durable infant or toddler product so that, as a practical matter, the consumer must notice and handle the form after purchasing the product;”
16 CFR 1130.5(c), eCFR
“(c) Each manufacturer of a durable infant or toddler product shall maintain a record of the information provided by the registrant for a period of not less than 6 years after the date of manufacture of the product.”
16 CFR 1130.8(c), eCFR
Why here. For an imported product the rule's own definition makes the importer the manufacturer, so every duty in this row lands on the importing business, not the factory. The registrant data is single-purpose by rule — recall and safety-alert contact only — and the form is prescribed down to the typeface: two postcards' size, perforated, bold black type, pre-addressed and postage-paid. None of this passes through a laboratory, which is why it is the part of the regime most often discovered late.
15 U.S.C. 2057d, implemented at 16 CFR part 1310
Requirement Ban of Inclined Sleepers for Infants — regardless of the date of manufacture · CPSC, by statute · pulled in by sleep marketing and the incline
A product with an inclined sleep surface greater than ten degrees that is intended, marketed, or designed to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant up to 1 year old is a banned hazardous product — regardless of the date of manufacture.
“Inclined sleeper for infants means a product with an inclined sleep surface greater than ten degrees that is intended, marketed, or designed to provide sleeping accommodations for an infant up to 1 year old.”
16 CFR 1310.2, eCFR
“Any inclined sleeper for infants, as defined in section 1310.2, regardless of the date of manufacture, is a banned hazardous product under section 8 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2057).”
16 CFR 1310.3, eCFR
Why here. A statutory ban, not a performance standard: no test result moves a product that sits inside the definition, and the regardless-of-manufacture-date wording reaches existing inventory as much as new production. It sits one span from part 1236 — a sleep product at 10 degrees or less for infants up to 5 months is what remains lawful; more than 10 degrees, marketed for sleep up to 1 year, is this row. The Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 (Pub. L. 117-126) is the source; the ban's statutory effective date is November 12, 2022.
15 U.S.C. 2057e, implemented at 16 CFR part 1309
Requirement Ban of Crib Bumpers — regardless of the date of manufacture · CPSC, by statute · pulled in by anything sold to cover the sides of a crib
Any crib bumper — padded bumpers, supported and unsupported vinyl bumper guards, vertical crib slat covers — is a banned hazardous product regardless of the date of manufacture. A non-padded mesh crib liner is written out of the definition.
“Crib bumper: (1) Means any material that is intended to cover the sides of a crib to prevent injury to any crib occupant from impacts against the side of a crib or to prevent partial or complete access to any openings in the sides of a crib to prevent a crib occupant from getting any part of the body entrapped in any opening; (2) Includes a padded crib bumper, a supported and unsupported vinyl bumper guard, and vertical crib slat covers; and (3) Does not include a non-padded mesh crib liner.”
16 CFR 1309.2, eCFR
“Any crib bumper, as defined in section 1309.2, regardless of the date of manufacture, is a banned hazardous product under section 8 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2057).”
16 CFR 1309.3, eCFR
Why here. The definition is purpose-drawn — material intended to cover the sides of a crib — so it reaches textile accessories sold apart from any crib, and no crib standard's test report touches it. The one written exception, the non-padded mesh liner, sits in the statute and the rule alike. Same source statute as the inclined-sleeper ban, same November 12, 2022 statutory effective date.
16 CFR 1500.18(a)(16), with the 1500.86(a)(9) exemption
Requirement The infant-cushion ban — five characteristics, all present, and the nursing-pillow way out · CPSC · pulled in by granular fill, if the cushion has it
An infant cushion or pillow with all five listed characteristics — flexible fabric covering, loose granular fill, easily flattened, capable of conforming to an infant's body or face, intended or promoted for children under one year — is a banned hazardous substance under the FHSA.
“(16) (i) Any article known as an “infant cushion” or “infant pillow,” and any other similar article, which has all of the following characteristics (But see § 1500.86(a)(9)): (A) Has a flexible fabric covering. ... (B) Is loosely filled with a granular material, including but not limited to, polystyrene beads or pellets. (C) Is easily flattened. (D) Is capable of conforming to the body or face of an infant. (E) Is intended or promoted for use by children under one year of age.”
16 CFR 1500.18(a)(16)(i), eCFR
“(9) Boston Billow Nursing Pillow and substantially similar nursing pillows that are designed to be used only as a nursing aide for breastfeeding mothers. For example, are tubular in form, C- or crescent-shaped to fit around a nursing mother's waist, round in circumference and filled with granular material.”
16 CFR 1500.86(a)(9), eCFR
Why here. All five characteristics have to be present, which is why the fill decides so much: a resilient-foam lounger fails the granular-fill characteristic and routes to part 1243 in the next row, while a bead-filled one inside the under-one marketing window is banned outright. The exemption is narrow and named — the Boston Billow and substantially similar nursing pillows designed to be used only as a nursing aide — and a pillow that escapes the ban this way now meets the mandatory nursing-pillow standard at part 1242.
16 CFR parts 1242 and 1243
Requirement Nursing pillows and infant support cushions — where a lounger lands, and the dual-standard pillow · CPSC · pulled in by the cushion's fill, marketing and incline
An infant support cushion — filled with resilient material, granular material, or a gel, liquid or gas, and marketed to support a reclining infant — meets part 1243: incline capped at 10 degrees, firmness above 10 N for a one-inch probe displacement, no restraint system. A nursing pillow meets part 1242: the same firmness floor, and no infant restraint system. Third-party entries at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(56) and (b)(57).
“Infant support cushion means an infant product that is filled with or comprised of resilient material such as foam, fibrous batting, or granular material or with a gel, liquid, or gas, and which is marketed, designed, or intended to support an infant's weight or any portion of an infant while reclining or in a supine, prone, or recumbent position.”
16 CFR 1243.2, eCFR
“Products subject to another standard listed in 16 CFR 1130.2(a) are exempt from this part. Nursing pillows that also meet the definition of infant lounger in § 1243.2, however, are not exempt from this part.”
16 CFR 1243.1(c), eCFR
“Nursing pillow means any product intended, marketed, or designed to position and support an infant close to a caregiver's body while breastfeeding or bottle feeding, including any removable covers, or slipcovers, sold on or together with such a product.”
16 CFR 1242.2, eCFR
Why here. Four ways a lounger can route, and the declared marketing decides: granular-filled with all five ban characteristics — banned at 1500.18(a)(16); marketed for sleep up to 5 months — part 1236, and effectively the bassinet standard with it; inclined more than 10 degrees for sleep up to 1 year — banned at part 1310; the cushion-like remainder — part 1243. The dual case is written into the rule itself: part 1242 exempts only maternity pillows, slings and soft carriers, while part 1243 keeps dual-use nursing pillows in scope — so a nursing pillow marketed or usable for lounging answers to both standards, two third-party entries at once. Both parts are recent: application dates April 23, 2025 and May 5, 2025 by their own terms.
16 CFR part 1511, via 16 CFR 1500.18(a)(8)
Requirement Requirements for Pacifiers — and the strangulation warning · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
A pacifier meets part 1511 — guard or shield geometry with two ventilation holes, a protrusion limit, structural integrity through six boil-and-cool cycles, and no ribbon, string, cord or similar attachment — and its packaging carries the strangulation warning of 1511.7. A pacifier outside the part is a banned hazardous substance. Third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(17).
“(8) Any pacifier that does not meet the requirements of 16 CFR part 1511 and that is introduced into interstate commerce after February 26, 1978.”
16 CFR 1500.18(a)(8), eCFR
“(a) As required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, pacifiers shall be labeled with the statement: “Warning—Do Not Tie Pacifier Around Child's Neck as it Presents a Strangulation Danger.””
16 CFR 1511.7(a), eCFR
“A pacifier shall not be sold or distributed with any ribbon, string, cord, chain, twine, leather, yarn or similar attachments.”
16 CFR 1511.6, eCFR
Why here. The ban hook and the standard are separate texts: 1500.18(a)(8) does the banning, part 1511 states what escapes it. The warning sits at 1511.7(a), with placement at (b) and (c) — retail display cartons of two or more, and each individually packaged pacifier. And 1511.6 is absolute on its subject: no ribbon, string, cord, chain, twine, leather or yarn sold with the pacifier at all — a pacifier clip sold attached is the first thing to read it against.
16 CFR part 1510, via 16 CFR 1500.18(a)(15)
Requirement Requirements for Rattles · CPSC · pulled in by the declared subtype
No portion of a rattle enters and penetrates to the full depth of the test-fixture cavity, before and after the use-and-abuse tests of 16 CFR 1500.51 with the bite and flexure tests excluded. A rattle outside the part is a banned hazardous substance from the moment it is first brought within a U.S. port of entry. Third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(16).
“For the purposes of this part 1510, a rattle is an infant's toy, intended to be hand held, usually containing pellets or other small objects and which produces sounds when shaken.”
16 CFR 1510.2, eCFR
“No portion of a rattle, when tested in accordance with the procedure of § 1510.4 below, shall be capable of entering and penetrating to the full depth of a cavity in a test fixture with dimensions shown in figure 1.”
16 CFR 1510.3, eCFR
Why here. The definition does the sorting: a rattle is an infant's toy, hand held, usually containing pellets, producing sound when shaken — and the rule's own exclusion list names dolls, stuffed animals, crib mobiles and maracas as outside it. An older FHSA ban still stands beside the standard: 1500.18(a)(1) reaches any toy rattle with rigid wires, sharp protrusions, or loose small objects.
16 CFR 1307.2(b) and 16 CFR part 1501; the FDA boundary at 21 CFR 177.2600
Requirement Teethers and feeding items — child care articles here, food-contact articles at FDA · CPSC; FDA for food contact · pulled in by sucking, teething and feeding
A teether is a child care article by the phthalate rule's own definition — designed to help children age 3 and younger with sucking or teething — so the eight-phthalate prohibition reaches it, and the small-parts rule's scope, written for toys and other articles for children under 3, reaches it too. An item that contacts food — a bottle nipple, a feeding spoon, a silicone feeder — additionally sits in FDA's food-contact regime in 21 CFR.
“(b) Child care article means a consumer product designed or intended by the manufacturer to facilitate sleep or the feeding of children age 3 and younger, or to help such children with sucking or teething.”
16 CFR 1307.2(b), eCFR
“(W) Section 4.22, Teethers and Teething Toys”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii), eCFR
“Rubber articles intended for repeated use may be safely used in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding food, subject to the provisions of this section.”
21 CFR 177.2600, eCFR
Why here. Two agencies split a feeding set down the middle, and the boundary is drawn here rather than blurred: the CPSC side — child care article status, small parts, total lead, tracking label — is establishable on this page; the FDA side is another agency's subject, and nothing is asserted across it. A pure teether, not for feeding, is a CPSC child care article and not an FDA food-contact article. If the same article is marketed as a plaything, the toy standard's own teether and toy-pacifier sections sit on the third-party list.
16 CFR part 1250 — the toy boundary
Requirement Where the toy standard reaches into a nursery — attached toys, not the gear itself · CPSC · pulled in by any toy that rides on the gear
Durable gear is not a toy: a crib, stroller or gate answers to its own part, not to ASTM F963. But a toy accessory attached to, removable from, or sold with the product answers to part 1250 — the infant-support-cushion standard writes exactly that — so a crib gym or a stroller toy carries the toy standard's obligations alongside the gear's own.
“(d) Toys. Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with an infant support cushion, as well as their means of attachment, shall comply with the applicable requirements of 16 CFR part 1250.”
16 CFR 1243.3(d), eCFR
“(a) Each toy must comply with all applicable provisions of ASTM F963-23 … (b) … section 4.2 and Annex 5 or any provision of ASTM F963 that restates or incorporates an existing mandatory standard or ban … are not part of the mandatory standard incorporated in paragraph (a).”
16 CFR 1250.2, eCFR
Why here. The boundary runs through one product in the box: the durable part governs the gear, part 1250 governs the plaything on it, and which of the toy standard's sections bite is decided inside ASTM's copyrighted text, with the tested sections enumerated at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii). A rattle sits on the toy side by its own rule's definition — an infant's toy — while the gear it is sold with does not.
15 U.S.C. 1278a
Requirement Children's products containing lead; lead paint rule · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading
Total lead is capped at 100 ppm, written against any part of a children's product: substrate, coating, fastener and label are each measured on their own.
“beginning on the date that is 3 years after August 14, 2008, subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting “100 parts per million” for “300 parts per million” …”
15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)(2)(C), govinfo
Why here. The declared age band sits inside “12 years of age or younger”, so the cap reaches a product built this way — and a durable infant or toddler product, defined for children under 5, is a children's product before anything else. Part-by-part is what matters: frame, coating, buckle and label are each measured on their own, and a thin coating cannot be diluted into the weight of the part under it.
15 U.S.C. 1278a
Requirement Children's products containing lead; lead paint rule · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading
Total lead is capped at 100 ppm, written against any part of a children's product: substrate, coating, fastener and label are each measured on their own.
“beginning on the date that is 3 years after August 14, 2008, subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting “100 parts per million” for “300 parts per million” …”
15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)(2)(C), govinfo
Why here. A grading of 12 years or older sits on the boundary itself: CPSC's children's-product definition is 12 years of age or younger, so the grading — read together with marketing and common recognition, not the label alone — decides whether this cap reaches the product at all. On this category the declaration is also in tension with itself: the durable-product definition above is written for children under the age of 5 years.
15 U.S.C. 1278a
Requirement Children's products containing lead; lead paint rule · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading
Total lead is capped at 100 ppm, written against any part of a children's product: substrate, coating, fastener and label are each measured on their own.
“beginning on the date that is 3 years after August 14, 2008, subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting “100 parts per million” for “300 parts per million” …”
15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)(2)(C), govinfo
Why here. No age grading has been declared yet. The cap is written against children's products — 12 years of age or younger — and for a durable infant or toddler product the question is narrower than it looks: the 1130.2(a) definition is written for children under the age of 5 years, which sits well inside the cap's scope.
16 CFR part 1303
Requirement Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint · CPSC · pulled in by the paint
Lead in a surface coating on a children's article is capped at 0.009 percent — 90 ppm — of the dried film, and a toy bearing paint above that is a banned hazardous product.
“paint … for consumer use that contain lead … in excess of 0.06 percent (0.06 percent is reduced to 0.009 percent effective August 14, 2009 …) of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film … are banned hazardous products … (1) Toys and other articles intended for use by children that bear “lead-containing paint”.”
16 CFR 1303.1(a), eCFR
Why here. One fact does it: the product is for children and it bears a coating. 16 CFR 1303.2(b)(1) draws the boundary around a material that turns into a solid film, which a paint or lacquer does and a penetrating stain may not; only the coating's data sheet says which. The exemptions at 1303.3 cover farm coatings, traffic paint and artists' colours — none covers a children's product. On gear, a painted frame or a coated rail is the classic route in.
16 CFR part 1303
Requirement Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint · CPSC · pulled in by the coating, if there is one
Lead in a surface coating on a children's article is capped at 0.009 percent — 90 ppm — of the dried film, and a toy bearing paint above that is a banned hazardous product.
“paint … for consumer use that contain lead … in excess of 0.06 percent (0.06 percent is reduced to 0.009 percent effective August 14, 2009 …) of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film … are banned hazardous products … (1) Toys and other articles intended for use by children that bear “lead-containing paint”.”
16 CFR 1303.1(a), eCFR
Why here. Declared as not sure whether the surface is coated. This ban reaches a coating and nothing else, which is why the coating question is the first fact worth settling: it decides whether this row carries a laboratory bill at all. 16 CFR 1303.2(b)(1) draws the boundary around a material that turns into a solid film, which a paint or lacquer does and a penetrating stain may not; only the coating's data sheet says which.
16 CFR part 1307
Requirement Prohibition of Children's Toys and Child Care Articles Containing Specified Phthalates · CPSC · pulled in by the article's purpose — sleep, feeding, sucking, teething
Eight phthalates — DEHP, DBP, BBP, DINP, DIBP, DPENP, DHEXP and DCHP — are each capped at 0.1 percent, measured against component parts.
“the restrictions … apply to any plasticized component part of a children's toy … or any other component part … that is made of other materials that may contain phthalates.”
16 CFR 1307.3(c), eCFR
“(b) Child care article means a consumer product designed or intended by the manufacturer to facilitate sleep or the feeding of children age 3 and younger, or to help such children with sucking or teething.”
16 CFR 1307.2(b), eCFR
Why here. The scope is wider than toys, and the definition is this row's point: a child care article is a product designed or intended to facilitate sleep or the feeding of children age 3 and younger, or to help such children with sucking or teething — which reads onto most of a nursery on purpose alone. Paragraph (c) then reaches any component part made of other materials that may contain phthalates, which is how a coating, a strap and a foam pad come into scope. Third-party entry at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(31).
16 CFR 1251.2
Relief Toys: Determinations Regarding Heavy Elements Limits for Certain Materials · CPSC · pulled in by solid wood left bare, on an article the toy standard reaches
Unfinished and untreated wood is determined to meet the toy standard's heavy-element limits — and the definition of that wood excludes coated surfaces.
“unfinished and untreated wood means wood harvested from the trunks of trees with no added surface coatings (such as, varnish, paint, shellac, or polyurethane) and no materials added to the wood substrate … does not include manufactured or engineered woods …”
16 CFR 1251.2(b), eCFR
Why here. A determination under the toy standard, so it earns its keep here only where an article is a toy — a rattle, a teether marketed as a plaything, a toy accessory on the gear. Where it does, the definition is exacting: unfinished and untreated wood with no added surface coatings, varnish and paint named. Durable gear that is not a toy never had the toy standard's heavy-element bill to be relieved of — its own subtype standard governs instead.
16 CFR 1251.2
Relief Toys: Determinations Regarding Heavy Elements Limits for Certain Materials · CPSC · pulled in by unfinished solid wood only — which this build does not declare
Unfinished and untreated wood is determined to meet the toy standard's heavy-element limits — and the definition of that wood excludes coated surfaces.
“unfinished and untreated wood means wood harvested from the trunks of trees with no added surface coatings (such as, varnish, paint, shellac, or polyurethane) and no materials added to the wood substrate … does not include manufactured or engineered woods …”
16 CFR 1251.2(b), eCFR
Why here. The determination's own definition — wood harvested from the trunks of trees, no added surface coatings, manufactured and engineered woods excluded — answers to nothing in the declared materials, so nothing attaches. And where the article is not a toy at all, there was no toy-standard element bill in the first place; the declared subtype's own standard governs what a laboratory measures.
16 CFR part 1501 and 16 CFR 1500.18(a)(9)
Requirement Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading, and the shape
A toy for children under 3 that yields a small part — one fitting whole into CPSC's 2.25 by 1.25 inch cylinder, before or after use and abuse conditioning — is a banned hazardous substance.
“This regulation … applies to all toys and other articles intended for use by children under 3 years (36 months) of age … Such articles include, but are not to limited to: … pull and push toys; pounding toys; blocks and stacking sets; …”
16 CFR 1501.2(a), eCFR
Why here. Two ways in: the age grading puts it under 3, and the rule's scope is written for toys and other articles — not toys alone. Wood chips and paint flakes are not among the fragments excused — that list is paper, fabric, yarn, fuzz, elastic and string. Several durable standards also pull the small-parts rule in by reference — the nursing-pillow standard's general requirements for one — so the cylinder can arrive through two doors at once.
16 CFR part 1501 and 16 CFR 1500.18(a)(9)
Requirement Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading, once decided
A toy for children under 3 that yields a small part — one fitting whole into CPSC's 2.25 by 1.25 inch cylinder, before or after use and abuse conditioning — is a banned hazardous substance.
“This regulation … applies to all toys and other articles intended for use by children under 3 years (36 months) of age … Such articles include, but are not to limited to: … pull and push toys; pounding toys; blocks and stacking sets; …”
16 CFR 1501.2(a), eCFR
“In determining which toys and other articles are intended for use by children under 3 years (36 months) of age, for purposes of this regulation, the following factors are relevant: the manufacturer's stated intent (such as on a label) if it is a reasonable one; the advertising, promotion, and marketing of the article; and whether the article is commonly recognized as being intended for children under 3.”
16 CFR 1501.2(b), eCFR
Why here. If the grading lands under 3 — or the product is marketed in a way commonly recognised as for under-3s — this ban reaches it, and on a nursery product the under-3 reading is usually the natural one. The rule's own factors make the stated age relevant only if it is a reasonable one, alongside advertising and common recognition, so the grading decision carries this whole row with it.
16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1) with 15 U.S.C. 1278
Requirement Cautionary labeling for small parts (toys and games for ages 3 to under 6) · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading, on an article that is a toy or game
A toy for children at least 3 but under 6 that includes a small part carries the small-parts choking warning on its packaging and accompanying material; without it the toy is a misbranded hazardous substance.
“any article that is a toy or game intended for use by children who are at least three years old but less than six years of age shall bear or contain the following cautionary statement if the toy or game includes a small part:”
16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1), eCFR
“WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD--Small parts. Not for children under 3 yrs.”
16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1) statement, transcribed from the official CFR PDF, govinfo
Why here. Above the under-3 line the small-parts ban falls away and a label duty takes its place — but the rule's own words are toy or game, so it reaches an article here only insofar as the article is one. A rattle is an infant's toy by its own rule's definition; a folding stool is not. The statement, its triangle, and the type sizes are set out in the regulation as a published table — not a design choice.
15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A)
Requirement Tracking labels on children's products (CPSIA section 103) · CPSC · pulled in by the age grading
Permanent distinguishing marks go on the product and on its packaging: enough to trace place, date and cohort, and enough for the buyer to read them.
“the manufacturer of a children's product shall place permanent, distinguishing marks on the product and its packaging, to the extent practicable, that will enable— (i) the manufacturer … and (ii) the ultimate purchaser to ascertain the manufacturer or private labeler, location and date of production, and cohort information …”
15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A), govinfo
Why here. It follows from being a children's product and nothing else. CPSC states this is not assessed by a third party laboratory and asks for no citation to it on the certificate — the cheapest line here and one of the most missed. On a durable product it is one of two permanent marks: the 16 CFR 1130.4 mark in the registration row above is a separate duty with its own content list, even where one plate carries both.
15 U.S.C. 1261(q)(1)(A) with 16 CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) and 1500.44
Requirement Flammable solids as banned hazardous substances (FHSA) · CPSC · pulled in by being an article for children
An article intended for use by children that is a hazardous substance is a banned hazardous substance, and a flammable solid is defined by a burn rate faster than a tenth of an inch per second, by the candle method at 16 CFR 1500.44.
“Flammable solid means a solid substance that, when tested by the method described in § 1500.44, ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.”
16 CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi), eCFR
Why here. This row corrects a widely repeated assumption rather than raising a bill: 16 CFR 1112.15(b) carries no line for it, so no accredited scope exists — and the prohibition is still live for any article intended for use by children, gear and toy alike.
16 CFR part 1263, with 15 U.S.C. 2056e (Reese's Law)
Requirement Safety Standard for Button Cell or Coin Batteries and Consumer Products Containing Such Batteries · CPSC · pulled in by the button or coin battery
A product containing or designed to use a button or coin battery meets ANSI/UL 4200A-2023 and its warning scheme — unless it is a toy that complies with the toy standard's battery accessibility and labeling requirements. The exemption is conditional, not categorical.
“Exemption for toy products. Any object designed, manufactured, or marketed as a plaything for children under 14 years of age that is in compliance with the battery accessibility and labeling requirements of 16 CFR part 1250 is exempt from the requirements of this part.”
16 CFR 1263.1(c), eCFR
“(Z) Section 4.25, Battery-Operated Toys (except labeling and/or instructional literature requirements)”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii), eCFR
Why here. The exemption is the sentence to read twice: it holds only while the toy complies with the battery accessibility and labeling requirements of 16 CFR part 1250 — ASTM F963-23's battery sections, which are third-party tested. A toy that fails them falls into part 1263 and UL 4200A. One battery duty sits outside the exemption's wording entirely: since February 12, 2023, Reese's Law section 3 requires child-resistant packaging under 16 CFR 1700.15 and 1700.20 for button or coin batteries sold or included separately with a product, and CPSC calls that section self-implementing. Whether the toy exemption shields a battery packaged separately with an exempt toy is not settled by any primary text we found — we say so rather than guessing.
16 CFR part 1263 — read without the toy exemption
Requirement Button cell batteries in nursery gear — the toy exemption does not reach a non-toy product · CPSC · pulled in by the button or coin battery, in gear that is not a plaything
A consumer product containing or designed to use a button or coin battery meets ANSI/UL 4200A-2023 and the part's warning scheme. The exemption in the row above is written for playthings alone, so a durable product — a crib soother's housing, a swing's control unit, a bouncer's vibration module — answers to part 1263 directly, with its own third-party line at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(55).
“Exemption for toy products. Any object designed, manufactured, or marketed as a plaything for children under 14 years of age that is in compliance with the battery accessibility and labeling requirements of 16 CFR part 1250 is exempt from the requirements of this part.”
16 CFR 1263.1(c), eCFR
Why here. The exemption's own words are the boundary: any object designed, manufactured, or marketed as a plaything. A sound module screwed to a crib rail is sold as sleep gear, not a plaything, so nothing in that sentence lifts it out of part 1263 — while a toy sold on the same gear can sit inside the exemption if it meets the toy standard's battery sections. One product in the box, two battery regimes, split along the toy boundary.
16 CFR 1262.1(c), routing into 16 CFR part 1250
Requirement Safety Standard for Magnets — and the toy exclusion that routes a toy's magnets into the toy standard · CPSC · pulled in by the magnets
A toy with magnets is exempt from the general magnet standard and answers instead to the toy standard's magnet section, ASTM F963-23 section 4.38 — tested at a CPSC-accepted laboratory.
“Exemption. The following consumer products are exempt from the requirements of this part: Toys that are subject to 16 CFR part 1250.”
16 CFR 1262.1(c), eCFR
“(HH) Section 4.38, Magnets (except labeling and/or instructional literature requirements)”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii), eCFR
Why here. Two rules could claim a magnet, and the CFR itself sorts them: toys subject to part 1250 are exempt from part 1262 because, in the Commission's words, the toy standard already addresses the magnet ingestion hazard. What section 4.38 demands sits in ASTM's copyrighted text; what public primary sources establish is its number, its third-party-testing status, and CPSC's own description — a hazardous magnet is one that fits the small-parts cylinder with a flux index of 50 kG²mm² or more, as received or after use-and-abuse testing.
ASTM F963-23 sections 4.25 and 4.5, via 16 CFR 1250.2(a)
Requirement Battery-operated and sound-producing toys — and where the electrical rules end · CPSC · pulled in by the electronics and sound
The toy standard's battery section (accessibility, overheating, chargers) and sound section (sound-pressure limits) apply and are third-party tested. The separate mains-voltage rule at 16 CFR part 1505 reaches only toys powered from 120-volt branch circuits.
“This definition does not include components which are powered by circuits of 30 volts r.m.s. (42.4 volts peak) or less, articles designed primarily for use by adults which may be used incidentally by children, or video games.”
16 CFR 1505.1(a)(1), eCFR
“(E) Section 4.5, Sound Producing Toys”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii), eCFR
Why here. Boundaries do the work here. Part 1505's own scope excludes circuits of 30 volts or less, so a battery-only toy answers to the toy standard's sections 4.25 and 4.5 instead — both on the third-party list. And one boundary leaves CPSC entirely: radio-frequency emissions of an electronic module belong to the FCC under 47 CFR part 15, an authorization regime this page only points at, because it is another agency's subject and turns on design facts a declaration cannot settle.
ASTM F963-23 section 4.14, via 16 CFR 1250.2(a)
Requirement Cords, Straps, and Elastics · CPSC · pulled in by the cord or string
Accessible cords, straps and elastics on toys for the youngest age bands meet the toy standard's length and performance requirements, and section 4.14 is on the third-party testing list.
“(N) Section 4.14, Cords, Straps, and Elastics”
16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii), eCFR
“Accessible cords, straps, and elastics found in toys intended for children under 18 months of age in some circumstances and intended for children under 36 months of age in other instances, must meet certain length and/or performance requirements. Examples of such products range from pull toys to kites.”
CPSC, ASTM F963 Requirements chart
Why here. A fact worth knowing before searching the CFR for a cord rule: there is none — the word strangulation appears nowhere in parts 1500, 1501 or 1250. The operative requirement lives in ASTM F963-23 section 4.14, whose number, title and third-party status are fixed by the CFR's own testing list; the numeric limits sit in ASTM's copyrighted text, viewable read-only in its Reading Room. CPSC's summary places the requirements on toys intended for children under 18 months in some circumstances and under 36 months in others.
19 U.S.C. 1304 and 19 CFR part 134
Requirement Country of origin marking · U.S. Customs and Border Protection · pulled in by importing
Every imported article, or its container, is marked legibly, indelibly and permanently, in a conspicuous place, with the English name of the country of origin.
“every article of foreign origin (or its container) imported into the United States shall be marked in a conspicuous place as legibly, indelibly, and permanently as the nature of the article … will permit, in such manner as to indicate to an ultimate purchaser in the United States the English name of the country of origin …”
19 CFR 134.11, eCFR
Why here. Commonly filed under the wrong agency. This is Customs, under the Tariff Act — not the FTC, whose rule at 16 CFR part 323 governs claims of United States origin. It is also separate from the tracking label above, even where one stamp carries both.
Cal. Health & Safety Code 25249.6 (Proposition 65)
Requirement Required warning before exposure to chemicals known to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity · California, OEHHA · pulled in by where it is sold
No knowing, intentional exposure to a listed chemical without a clear and reasonable warning first. Lead is listed twice under separate endpoints; DEHP, DBP, BBP, DINP and DIDP are listed too.
“No person in the course of doing business shall knowingly and intentionally expose any individual to a chemical known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity without first giving clear and reasonable warning …”
Cal. Health & Safety Code 25249.6, California Legislative Information
“the warning is not prominently displayed if the purchaser must search for it in the general content of the website.”
27 CCR 25602(b)(1)(C), OEHHA compilation
Why here. Selling nationwide reaches California buyers, and the safe-harbour figures are a different kind of number from the federal ones. Federal lead limits are concentrations: 90 ppm in a dried film, 100 ppm in a part. California's are daily exposure: 0.5 micrograms a day for lead as a reproductive toxicant, 15 by mouth as a carcinogen. The two do not convert without an exposure assessment, so meeting the federal caps is not a safe harbour here. DEHP's figure is stratified by route and age — the oral level for infant boys from 29 days to 24 months is 58 micrograms a day against 410 for an adult, and a nursery product's age band sits on the stricter side. The Attorney General's register shows 2026 notices over lead in paint and phthalates in toys, one naming an online marketplace beside a brand.
22 M.R.S. 1316-A
Requirement Sale of lead-containing children's products (Maine) · Maine · pulled in by the paint
A children's product coated with a paint whose lead content exceeds 16 CFR part 1303 may not be made, sold or distributed in Maine.
““Lead-containing children's product” means a children's product that … (2) Is coated with a paint or surface coating with a lead content that exceeds the Consumer Product Safety Commission safety rule as established in 16 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1303 …”
22 M.R.S. 1316-A(1)(F), Maine Legislature
Why here. A coated children's product sold nationally is sold in Maine. The interest is structural: the state adopts the federal figure by reference, so a coating that satisfies part 1303 satisfies this and no extra laboratory work appears — but two authorities can now act on the same number. It also sits in the Lead Poisoning Control Act, not the toxics chapter.
OAR 333-016-3010(1)
Requirement Removal or substitution of high priority chemicals of concern for children's health (Oregon) · Oregon Health Authority · pulled in by the age grading
By the third biennial notice, a listed chemical in a children's product that is mouthable, a children's cosmetic, or marketed to children under three is removed or substituted, or a waiver sought.
“the manufacturer must remove or make a substitution, or seek a waiver … if the HPCCCH is present in a children's product that is: (a) Mouthable; (b) A children's cosmetic; or (c) Made for, marketed for use by or marketed to children under three years of age.”
OAR 333-016-3010(1), Oregon Secretary of State
Why here. The tier is defined by age and the criteria are alternatives, so an under-3 grading lands in it on the third branch alone — and a mouthable teether lands on the first as well. Two particulars matter more than the rule text suggests: worldwide gross sales under five million dollars exempt a maker automatically, and — the opposite of California — Oregon lets compliance with a federal safety standard ground an exemption from the removal duty.
Connecticut Public Act 24-59, sections (b) and (c)
Requirement Notification and labeling of products containing PFAS · Connecticut DEEP · pulled in by where it is sold, if the coating carries PFAS
From 1 July 2026 a children's product containing intentionally added PFAS may not be sold in Connecticut without prior written notification to the department, and without a durable label in wording the department approves.
“All labels shall be clearly visible prior to sale and shall inform the purchaser, using words or symbols approved by the department, that PFAS is present in the product.”
Connecticut Public Act 24-59 section (c)(3)
Why here. The state's definition of a children's product is open-ended, so nursery gear is not written out of it. What decides the matter is a supplier fact a declaration cannot settle: whether the coating carries intentionally added PFAS. One declaration from the coating maker settles Connecticut and the same question in several other states at once. The approved wording the label depends on is something we could not confirm has been published.
Three more rules are in play and are taken up where they bite rather than here: 16 CFR part 1107 and part 1109 govern the testing in stage 2, and 16 CFR part 1110 is the whole of stage 3.
Rules that do not reach it, and the fact that keeps them out
A map that only lists what applies is half a map. These were checked and left out, each for a stated reason.
- Not reached Lead-containing paint · 16 CFR part 1303
No coating is declared, so the lead-paint ban has nothing to act on. The total-lead cap above still reaches every material part on its own. Primary text
- Not reached Magnets · 16 CFR part 1262
No magnet is present, so the rule has nothing to act on. Independently, 16 CFR 1262.1(c) carries an exclusion for toys. Primary text
- Not reached Car seats and travel-system child restraints · 49 CFR 571.213, via 16 CFR 1130.1(b)
The registration rule's own scope excludes infant or child restraint systems intended for use in automobiles that are covered by NHTSA's registration program, and products that comprise a travel system sold with such a restraint. The restraint is another agency's subject — nothing here reads it. The stroller half of a travel system stays on this page. Primary text
- Not reached The durable-product regime, for pacifiers, teethers and rattles · 16 CFR part 1130 with parts 1215 to 1243
A pacifier, teether or rattle is in none of the twenty 1130.2(a) categories, so no subtype standard and no registration card attach through this declaration — parts 1510, 1511, 1307 and 1501 do the work above instead. One feeding-adjacent product is in the list: a nursing pillow is item (19), and where the declared feeding item is one, the durable regime applies through part 1242 as the routing row above states. Primary text
- Not reached The choking-hazard warning label · 16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1)
Its own words limit it to children at least three and under six. Below that floor a small part is a ban, and no label turns it into a disclosure. The most consequential exclusion here. Primary text
- Not reached The choking-hazard warning label, for the gear itself · 16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1)
Its own words reach any article that is a toy or game — a crib, stroller, gate or bath seat is neither, so the 3-to-under-6 label duty does not attach to the gear itself. A toy sold on the gear is its own article, read on the toy side of the boundary row above. Primary text
- Not reached The small-parts ban, and the 3-to-under-6 label · 16 CFR part 1501 and 16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1)
The ban's own scope ends at children under 3, and the small-parts label trigger ends at six — but the edge is narrower than it looks: a small ball or marble is labeled with no upper age bound, a toy containing one is labeled to under eight, and a latex balloon is labeled at any age. The stated age also only counts if it is a reasonable one. Primary text
- Not reached Batteries, sound, mechanisms and cords · The F963-23 sections written for those features
None are present, so the toy standard's sections for them are absent above. A fact about the product, not relief from a rule. Primary text
- Not reached Country of origin marking · 19 U.S.C. 1304 and 19 CFR part 134
Nothing is imported, so the Tariff Act marking duty has nothing to act on. The mirror image applies instead: claiming Made in USA is governed by the FTC's rule at 16 CFR part 323 — a claims rule, not a marking mandate. The 16 CFR 1130 duties above stay put either way; for domestic production they simply rest on the domestic manufacturer. Primary text
2. What testing those rules call for
Three questions get flattened into one and behave differently: does the rule reach the product, does the limit have to be met, and does a CPSC-accepted laboratory have to measure it. 16 CFR 1112.15(b) settles the third, and relief from testing is never relief from the limit.
Chemistry
Lead in the dried paint film, against 90 ppm. CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1, or ASTM F2853-10 by energy-dispersive X-ray.
Third party? Yes, with no way out. 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(10), and part 1303 sits in the statutory Group A that CPSC says small batch registrants are ALWAYS held to.
Total lead in the non-metal substrate, against 100 ppm. CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3.
Third party? No, for the wood: 16 CFR 1500.91(d)(4). The limit itself still stands.
Total lead in the non-metal substrate, against 100 ppm. CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3.
Third party? It depends on the board: part 1252's determinations carry their own conditions, read against the board type. The limit itself still stands.
Total lead in the non-metal substrate, against 100 ppm. CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3.
Third party? For materials other than bare wood no wood determination applies, so the substrate is measured. The limit is the same 100 ppm.
The eight restricted phthalates, against 0.1 percent each. CPSC-CH-C1001-09.4, or GB/T 22048-2008.
Third party? Yes where the article is a children's toy or a child care article — the 16 CFR 1307.2(b) definition reaches sleep, feeding, sucking and teething products — at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(31). No for untreated, unfinished wood and natural fibers, under 76 FR 49286 footnote 2 and the component-part policy.
The eight soluble heavy elements, by ASTM F963-23 sections 8.3.2 for surface coatings and 8.3.5 for substrates. No CPSC method number exists for these.
Third party? Only on the toy side of the boundary: the F963 element sections reach toys via 16 CFR part 1250, with 16 CFR 1251.2 sheltering uncoated solid wood alone. For durable gear that is not a toy, the declared subtype's own standard and its 1112.15(b) entry govern what a laboratory measures.
Physical and mechanical
The declared subtype's standard, tested whole — the ASTM specification each part of 16 CFR 1215 to 1243 incorporates, run against the assembled product.
Third party? Yes, for every durable subtype: each part carries its own 16 CFR 1112.15(b) entry, from bath seats at (b)(2) to infant support cushions at (b)(57). A finished-product regime — the standard is tested against the assembled article, not a material.
Small parts: the cylinder, then the use and abuse conditioning of 16 CFR 1500.51 and 1500.52 with the bite tests left out, then the cylinder again on anything that came off.
Third party? Yes, with no way out — Group A again, at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(14). A finished-article test, so no component report stands in for it.
Small parts at 3-to-under-6: the same cylinder decides, but what it decides is the 16 CFR 1500.19(b)(1) label — written for a toy or game — not a ban.
Third party? No — 16 CFR 1112.15(b) carries no line for the labeling rule, and CPSC states certificates need not cite it. The duty is wording on the package, checked by eye against the regulation's own table.
Accessible edges and points — for a toy, F963-23 sections 4.7 and 4.9; for durable gear, the subtype standard's own mechanical work, and several durable parts pull 16 CFR 1500.48 and 1500.49 in by reference — the nursing-pillow standard's general requirements for one.
Third party? Split along the toy boundary: the toy sections sit at 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii) for a toy; for the gear, the subtype part's own 1112.15(b) entry carries the mechanical work.
Battery accessibility and related battery requirements — F963-23 section 4.25 for a toy; ANSI/UL 4200A-2023 under part 1263 for non-toy gear.
Third party? Yes on either path — 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii)(Z) for the toy sections, and part 1263's own line at 1112.15(b)(55) for products the toy exemption does not reach.
Magnets — F963-23 section 4.38, flux index against the small-parts cylinder.
Third party? Yes — 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii)(HH).
Battery-operated toys and sound — F963-23 sections 4.25 and 4.5.
Third party? Yes to both — 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii)(Z) and (E).
Cords, straps and elastics — F963-23 section 4.14.
Third party? Yes — 16 CFR 1112.15(b)(32)(ii)(N).
Material quality — F963-23 section 4.1, where the article is a toy.
Third party? No. CPSC treats sections judged by the unaided eye as outside third party testing.
Burn rate as a flammable solid — 16 CFR 1500.44.
Third party? No: 16 CFR 1112.15(b) carries no line for it, so no accredited scope exists. The prohibition is still live.
Tracking label, country of origin marking, and the 16 CFR 1130.4 permanent mark.
Third party? No to all three. CPSC states the tracking label is not assessed by a third party laboratory; origin marking is Customs' and not a laboratory matter; and the 1130.4 mark's content list is checked by eye against the rule.
16 CFR 1112.15, the list that settles third party testingCPSC: rules requiring third party testing
How often the testing comes back
16 CFR 1107.21 sets three maximum intervals for periodic third party testing: at most yearly, at most every two years with a written production testing plan, or at most every three with continued testing at an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited laboratory. Which is available is not decided by the rule alone. Amazon states that a US toy listing wants a report issued within the past twelve months — inside all three options, but for anyone selling there it fixes the cycle at a year. That annual cost is set by the channel, not the regulation.
How often the testing comes back
16 CFR 1107.21 sets three maximum intervals for periodic third party testing: at most yearly, at most every two years with a written production testing plan, or at most every three with continued testing at an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited laboratory. Which is available is not decided by the rule alone — a marketplace's own document expectations can fix the cycle in practice, so the channel's current policy pages are part of the answer.
What the testing costs
No regulation prices a test. Published laboratory price indications collected for this project in August 2026 put third-party toy-standard testing at roughly $400 to $1,600 per product, with base quotes observed from about $420 and totals rising with materials, added features such as batteries or magnets, and the number of applicable standards. These are observed market figures from the sources linked here — not a quote for any product. The two-half quotation pattern in the last stage is how a real number gets found.
JJR Lab on ASTM F963-23 testing costCompliance Gate on CPSIA lab testingEurofins ASTM F963 testing FAQ
The eight soluble elements, and how firm the figures are
| Element | Soluble limit (ppm) |
|---|---|
| Antimony | 60 |
| Arsenic | 25 |
| Barium | 1000 |
| Cadmium | 75 |
| Chromium | 60 |
| Lead | 90 |
| Mercury | 60 |
| Selenium | 500 |
Transcribed from two CPSC primary documents: the preamble to the 2018 determinations rule at 83 FR 28991, and a 2012 CPSC staff report on metals in the toy standard. Both predate ASTM F963-23, a purchased document we have not read, so we cannot confirm from primary material that the 2023 revision left them unchanged.
How long it takes
No number here. No rule sets a laboratory turnaround, CPSC publishes none, and the price lists we could reach state no standard days; the timing comes out of the quotations. Two timings are fixed and primary-sourced: a certificate is produced within 24 hours of a request from CPSC or Customs, and CPSC estimates the filing at entry at 15.3 seconds per reference message set and 4.75 minutes per full one.
3. What the certificate has to say, and who signs it
One document carries all of the above into a shipment. Its contents changed on 8 July 2026, and the version below is the current one at 16 CFR 1110.11(a), read from the regulation rather than an explainer.
Who issues it
For goods made outside the United States the rule names the importer of record as the certifier. Not the factory. A certificate the factory holds is no substitute: the certifier stays legally answerable for what is on it and needs the underlying test records. CPSC also states the certificate is not applied for or registered — it is written.
“Except as otherwise provided in a specific rule, ban, standard, or regulation enforced by CPSC, for a finished product manufactured outside of the United States that must be accompanied by a certificate as set forth in § 1110.5, the importer, as defined in this part, is the finished product certifier that must issue a finished product certificate that meets the requirements of this part.”
16 CFR 1110.7(a), eCFR
Who issues it
For goods manufactured in the United States the rule names the manufacturer as the certifier — 16 CFR 1110.7 identifies the importer for goods made overseas, and the manufacturer for goods made domestically. The duty does not move to a retailer or a marketplace, and CPSC states the certificate is not applied for or registered — it is written.
The seven contents at 16 CFR 1110.11(a)
- Identifies the finished products covered, carrying at least one unique identifier — a GTIN, model number, registered number, serial number, SKU, UPC or alternate identifier — with enough description to match the product to the certificate.
- States each consumer product safety rule, ban, standard or regulation the products are being certified to, identifying all of them separately.
- Identifies the finished product certifier, as set out in 16 CFR 1110.7, with that party's name, street address, city, state or province, country, email address and telephone number.
- Identifies the individual who maintains the records listed in 16 CFR 1110.17, with the same contact details. A position title is allowed provided the post is always staffed.
- Gives the date and place the products were manufactured, produced or assembled, down to a manufacturer name, address, email and telephone number.
- Gives the most recent date and places of testing, including the name and contact details of each third party conformity assessment body the certificate depends on.
- Carries the finished product certifier's attestation. eFiled attestations sit in the Product Registry and in CBP's message set; paper and electronic certificates carry the wording the rule sets out.
The seventh item is where older lists go wrong. Before 8 July 2026 it was the identification of the third party laboratory; that is now folded into the sixth, and the seventh is the certifier's sworn attestation, whose wording the regulation sets out in full. A list with a laboratory in seventh place is describing the superseded version.
The attestation the rule prescribes, in full:
“I hereby certify that the finished product(s) covered by this certificate comply with the rules, bans, standards, and regulations stated herein, and that the information in this certificate is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief. I understand and acknowledge that it is a United States federal crime to knowingly and willfully make any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement, representation, or omission on this certificate.”
16 CFR 1110.11(a)(7), eCFR
How a determination gets written down
Relief from testing is not something to leave off. Where an exclusion is claimed the rule still wants every applicable rule listed under item two, and asks for the exclusion to be identified in place of the test date and place under item six.
“if a finished product certifier is claiming a statutory or regulatory testing exclusion to an applicable consumer product safety rule … then in addition to listing all applicable rules, bans, standards, and regulations as required under § 1110.11(a)(2), and in lieu of providing the date and place where testing was conducted for that regulation under § 1110.11(a)(6), a finished product certificate shall identify the applicable testing exclusion.”
16 CFR 1110.11(c), eCFR
What happens to it afterwards
- At import
eFiled in Customs' ACE at the time the entry is filed. 16 CFR 1110.13(a)(1).
- To a marketplace or retailer
Furnished to each distributor and each retailer. 16 CFR 1110.13(b).
- Selling direct
Nobody to furnish it to, and the 24-hour production duty is unchanged. 16 CFR 1110.13(c).
- Per item
Each certificate describes only one product.
- Keeping it
Five years from the creation date. 16 CFR 1110.17.
eFiling, in effect since 8 July 2026
Two routes. Under the full message set the broker files seven data elements at entry. Under the reference message set the certificate goes into CPSC's Product Registry first and the broker files three identifiers pointing at it; CPSC expects over 96 percent of importers to take that route. The Registry is free, and its trap is that it does not talk to ACE: a certificate sitting in it does nothing at the border until the identifiers reach the broker. Test reports are not filed. Foreign trade zone goods come in on 8 January 2027.
An entry without the data can still clear today, and CPSC says it does not currently intend to ask Customs to refuse entry on that ground alone. It says in the same breath that it continues to enforce certificate requirements and to ask Customs to seize goods that do not meet them.
Two points we could not settle
- Whether the flammable-solid prohibition belongs among the citations under item two. Item two is worded widely enough to take in any ban the Commission enforces; but the CPSC lists that guide what to cite are lists of rules needing third party testing, and it is not on them.
- How the phthalate relief for solid wood is written under item six. The other determinations have a CFR paragraph to name; this one lives in a notice and a policy statement, and we found no CPSC example.
- One drafting oddity, quoted as published: item six refers to the rules “cited in § 1110.11(a)(4)”, and the paragraph that enumerates rules is (a)(2). We found no correction notice, and have not corrected the text.
4. What you have declared about where things stand
Every line here is your own answer, repeated back. Nothing was inspected, inferred or scored to produce it.
- Answered
Certificates are already held for all products. Stage 3 is then a comparison exercise: the held documents against 16 CFR 1110.11(a) as amended on 8 July 2026 — older lists put the laboratory seventh; the current text folds it into the sixth item and ends at the attestation.
- Answered
Some products have certificates and others do not. Each certificate describes only one product, so the covered and uncovered lists run through this page separately.
- Answered
No certificate has been issued yet.
- Answered
Whether a certificate exists is not known. Finding out is a document question, not a laboratory one.
- Not answered
Whether any certificate exists.
- Answered
Third-party test reports are held in your own name.
- Answered
Test reports exist under another buyer's name, or sit with the factory. The name is where this bites: 16 CFR 1110.7 names the importer as the certifier for goods made overseas, and the certifier needs the underlying records — a report the factory holds is an input, not the answer.
- Answered
No test reports are held.
- Answered
Whether test reports exist — from the factory, a previous buyer, or the coating maker — is not known.
- Not answered
Whether any test report exists — from the factory, a previous buyer, or the coating maker.
- Answered
Permanent marks are on the product and on the packaging.
- Answered
Permanent marks are on one of product and packaging, but not both — the statute asks for both, to the extent practicable.
- Answered
What permanent marks are on the toy and the box today is not established.
- Not answered
What permanent marks are on the toy and the box today.
5. What that leaves open
This is stage 4 subtracted from stages 1 to 3 — arithmetic on answers given, not a measurement of any object. Each line names the rule it came from.
- The subtype decides the standard
Which of the twenty 16 CFR 1130.2(a) categories the product falls in is undeclared, and it decides every durable row above — the mandatory standard, the third-party entry, the registration card. Free to declare now; every other line on this page waits on it. 16 CFR 1130.2(a), 1112.15(b).
- No registration card is established
Nothing declared establishes the postage-paid form attached to the product, the 1130.4 permanent mark, the electronic registration path, or the six-year registrant records — and the shared questions do not ask it. A document-and-artwork matter, not a laboratory one. 16 CFR 1130.3 to 1130.8.
- No certificate is established
So there is nothing to eFile at entry, nothing to furnish to a marketplace or retailer, and nothing to produce within 24 hours. 16 CFR 1110.5, 1110.13.
- Part of the range has no certificate
For the uncovered products there is nothing to eFile, furnish or produce; each certificate describes only one product. 16 CFR 1110.5, 1110.13.
- The coating is not identified in the declared facts
Without a maker, a part number and a data sheet the coating tests cannot be scoped, no existing report can be relied on, and there is no baseline against which a later substitution would count as a material change. 16 CFR 1303, 1109.5, 1107.23(d).
- No test reports are established
Which rows above carry a third-party line sets the minimum, and on a durable product the subtype standard itself is on that list — every part from 1215 to 1243 has its own 16 CFR 1112.15(b) entry, beside the lead and small-parts lines.
- The reports' name does not match the certifier
A certificate needs the underlying test records behind the certifier named on it. Whether reports issued under another buyer's name can be relied on runs through 16 CFR 1109's conditions — a question to settle in writing before anything is retested needlessly. 16 CFR 1109.5, 1110.7.
- No laboratory is chosen
Being CPSC-accepted is not enough: 16 CFR 1112.15(a) limits a laboratory to results inside its accepted scopes.
- Marking is not established
Three marks, three authorities on a durable product: the tracking label under 15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)(A), the English origin marking under 19 U.S.C. 1304, and the 16 CFR 1130.4 permanent mark with its own content list.
- California is undecided
Whether to warn on the label or notify each channel's authorised agent in writing, and either way to warn before checkout. 27 CCR 25600.2, 25602(b).
- The PFAS question is unanswered
One declaration from the coating maker closes Connecticut's duties and the same question in the other open-definition states, or opens them.
- Oregon is unresolved
The under-three removal tier applies on its face; whether it matters turns on worldwide sales against the five million dollar exemption.
What would close these for you
Everything shown above this line is reading published rules against stated facts, which is what the free scan does.
Planned MooseClear is being built to take a real specification, settle the rows above into a fixed list for one item, put it into the shape a laboratory quotes against, and assemble the certificate from the documents that come back. That part is not built yet, and is marked as such. The plans below are shown so we can measure genuine purchase intent — no charge is taken during this validation.
Early-access workflow
No charge during validationNo charge is taken during this validation. Pricing is shown so we can measure genuine purchase intent.
Starter
- Guided setup for a small catalog
- Structured checklists for CPC and eFiling readiness
- Email support during early access
Growth
- Ongoing workflow across your product line
- Readiness tracking as requirements change
- Priority support during early access
You selected . Requesting the pilot means you would consider starting at this named monthly price. No payment is collected now.
Used only to contact you about the pilot — nothing else. Leave it blank and your request still stands.
6. What closes each of those, in order
Each action answers one line of stage 5, in the order the dependencies fall: the drawing decides the testing, the testing decides the certificate, the certificate decides the entry.
- Settle the drawing first
Decide which faces are coated and which stay bare, whether the wood is solid or engineered, and whether dowels are glued. Those answers decide whether 16 CFR 1251.2 can be claimed for any part, whether part 1252 comes into it, and whether an adhesive joins the phthalate scope. Free now, expensive after tooling.
- Ask the factory, in writing
The questions further down this page are the standing set. For a coated wooden item, add the coating's maker, part number and data sheet, whether the coating maker holds reports usable under 16 CFR 1109.5, and a written statement on intentionally added PFAS.
- Pick a laboratory by scope, not by name
Check the scopes rather than the acceptance: a laboratory without the part 1303 scope cannot produce a lead-in-paint result that counts.
- Ask for the quotation in two halves
Coating chemistry is quoted once and reused across items under 16 CFR 1109.11(b); small-parts and mechanical work is quoted per item. Put the age-band question from stage 2 in the same message.
- Write the certificate against the regulation
Draft it from 16 CFR 1110.11(a) itself, attestation included, and use 1110.11(c) wherever a determination stands in for a test. Explainer pages, including CPSC's own, can carry a superseded element list.
- Set up filing before the shipment
Open a Product Registry account, enter the certificate, take the three identifiers and get them to the customs broker. The Registry passes nothing to ACE by itself.
- Deal with California separately
Choose between a label warning and written notice to each channel's authorised agent, get the acknowledgement in writing, and diarise the annual renewal. The federal concentration limits do not answer this.
- Then keep it true
Choose a periodic testing route under 16 CFR 1107.21 with the channel's twelve-month expectation in mind, hold the coating to a named part number, keep records five years, and treat later news of a failure as starting the clock under 15 U.S.C. 2064(b), which reaches an importer as a manufacturer.
Every rule and test here was read from the primary text — eCFR at the 1 August 2026 snapshot, the United States Code, the Federal Register, cpsc.gov, and the state sources linked beside each row. Questions that could not be settled from primary material are marked unsettled rather than filled in. Rows shown for declared features — batteries, magnets, electronics, cords — were read from the CFR sections and Federal Register documents linked beside each row, retrieved in August 2026.